Kudos for your concern against trashing newly installed speakers, but a bit more clarification seems warranted.
A "lack of power" will not damage your speakers. What CAN damage them is running the amp beyond it's rated capacity, even if the speakers have rating for higher power handling. Distorted output can - and will - damage speakers, even if the speakers are rated for high power. It's the distortion, which has more frequency components than normal audio, that tend to overheat the speaker voice coil. That's how speakers are damaged with low power amplifiers.
If you don't run the amp beyond its reasonable capacity to provide clean output, your speakers are not at risk. Running a low power amp into distortion will certainly sound unpleasant long before speaker damage occurs.
On the other hand, if you are a volume hound, and don't trust your judgement (or your passenger's judgement), then you can fuse the speakers to prevent overloading. Without knowledge of the power output for any particular amplifier, I would fuse each speaker with a 2A, fast-blow fuse. This should protect them from power output excursions beyond 25-30 watts (approximated for a 12V power supply), which is fairly typical for lower end automotive amplifiers.
However, if it were me, I would wait and install all system components at one time. It just makes sense to only tear apart the interior once instead of twice. (And I would still recommend fusing the speakers - just increase the size proportionately for your new amplifier's capacity. )
Hope this helps,
John