Disc brake rotors can have porosity's in the casting... if the area is smaller than the diameter of a lead pencil don't worry about it.... for years we turned rotors of all sizes and shapes and the voids are not an issue when they are small... its nothing more than an air bubble that formed during casting...
However marked on all rotors by federal law is a minimum thickness that you turn the rotor to and have it still function correctly on the truck... its needs the minimum thickness to help limit warp-age.... and in my opinion the most important reason is to absorb heat during the braking process and later shed that heat with the ventilation of the rotor.... We always worked to remove as little as possible, for longer rotor life...
In either case, if the rotor is below (thinner) minimum thickness throw the thing away...On large trucks, motor homes the dealers who sent us those rotors to turn would want to sell the customer 2 new ones if one had a rivet grove, or other area of damage that made it no salvageable.... the truth is... as long as the rotor is over the minimum thickness they will function as designed and with proper care of the calipers you can't tell if one or both have been replaced....
Hope this helps answer some of the questions..
BTW one last thought... if we had a rotor or drum with some hot spots (blue) those were hills so to speak on the surface and the cutter would bounce and chatter... we had a machine mounted grinder, that allowed us to grind those hills off where the hot spot was... and thus salvage the rotor/drum for the customer