Freon charged hot water solar
In early 80's our construction company used freon charged units made down in Glendale, Ca. Solarmagic was their name, eventually went bkrpt but we like the trouble free performance. No sticking draindown valves (needed for freezing protection) problems that could bust up your water lines. No electrical pumps needed for circulation. Mine works fine after 26 years. R22 charges system and should only need recharge if leak occurs. Perhaps they have other refrigerants in use now.
Later company In Nevada City, Ca. made smaller versions that were easier to handle up to a roof. Mine needed a light crane. It consisted of a 4 x 8 glass covered black coated copper collector that contained liquid freon during night cool down. Daytime sunlight heated freon into hot gas that moved upward via 3/4" copper tubing (150' or so) into a 70 g. static water tank of copper acting as a storage heat sink. Another lengthy copper line had the pressured cold water line coiled into same water tank picking up heat from storage hot water. An effective heat exchanger. It came with an adapter set of valves all assembled to hooked up ahead of water heater permitting one three choices, total solar only to your house, solar backup to water heater or no solar. The 70 g copper water tank is encapsulated totally in thick foam and that has a metal protective cover. Suprisingly the static water storage has very little need to be replenished even after several years. It has a small vent to atmosphere. It is clearly a better choice in cold climates subject to freezing. So troublefree. I should remove the glass and clean it from a bit of liming that is beginning to fog it. They used a schrader valve for freon access. No moving parts just hot moving freon gas making its rounds to the water storage then back to the collector.