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Lost 2 Horses - Poisoned!

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Mike Ellis

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Two of our broodmares were poisoned on my parent's place and although they were rushed to vet both died yesterday afternoon at about 1:30. My Dad was devastated, and I was so mad when I found out I couldn’t see straight. We lost a truly outstanding broodmare and the prettiest horse I ever owned, and another beautiful mare that my parents had just bought and were hoping would produce some champions. The poor beasts died in terrible agony, what a horrible way to go. It's hard to lose any horse if you love them the way we do, but these mares represented some significant $$$ investments and we took a real beating.

Vet flushed 'em with IV solutions to get the toxins out but their kidneys ended up failing and that was all she wrote. Their gums and vulvas turned a dark purple color, which made us think cyanide at first but the vet thought it more likely to be botulism.

Dad and a couple of his friends walked the whole place looking for clues, and in the front pasture where the mares were they found 2 china plates and an old jar of orange or peach preserves. Dad threw the plates and preserves away after the vet told him it might be a case of botulism, sometimes caused by the presence of a dead snake or varmint that gets rolled up in hay, he figured it was the hay and was too distraught to pay the plates and preserves much mind. The vet did not have toxicology screen info yet apparently.

I left work early and drove down and took the plates and preserves out of the trash and photographed them closely. One was white, the other black. The black plate had traces of orange/peach matter stuck to it and the obvious smears left by a horse eating (if you’ve ever cleaned a window or stainless steel bucket a horse has rubbed their mouth on you know what I mean). The jar of preserves didn’t appear to have been opened, but the matter on the plates matched the contents 100%. Plates weren't just "thrown out" or fell from the sky, they were in the middle of a big pasture and a good ways from road etc.

I walked the entire fence line of the place and couldn’t find any tracks or places where someone might have crawled through the fence, no cloth fibers on the barbed wire or anything. I only found four variables from “business as usual” – (1) the plates/preserves, (2) a muddy seep in the back pasture with some unusual bugs in it that the horses had been walking through and clearly drinking or slurping (it was still muddy and filled with tracks), (3) a tub of feed supplement that Dad had recently put out for the mares, and (4) some scattered patches of yellow liquid on the hay – yes I checked it, didn’t smell or look like horse pee. Everything else in the pastures was absolutely normal.

I put on gloves and got into the hay and tore it all apart, couldn’t find the least trace of any dead varmint or spoiled hay. I checked out the feed and it smelled fine as well. Since there were other horses in the pasture eating the same feed and same hay from the same troughs and bales, as well as sharing the supplement, it seems unlikely to me that these items could have been the source of the poisoning but the supplement is new so we have to consider it. For those interested, it was one of the big blue tubs that are sold by Tractor Supply. If you've got any of it set out around horses, you might want to rethink the stuff...

The two horses that died were the most aggressive of the herd, and therefore always the first to claim food when it was put out. If someone put out a laced “treat” for them, these two would have run the others off and eaten first. This makes me wonder if someone might have given them some of the old preserves, possibly from a nearby boarded up house. Might have been an innocent mistake. People have been looking at that house (HUD repo) and children love to feed horses bunches of grass and stuff through the fence, in a time when kids aren't taught much about trespassing I can picture one going through the fence to "give the horsies a treat". If the preserves were old and spoiled, that could have been the source since apparently horses are very sensitive to botulism. The seep might be the source of the problem too. Who knows?

All I know is that we lost two great animals that suffered a horribly agonizing death, and don’t know what to do to avoid any additional exposures. GRRRRRRrrrr. I was so mad yesterday I could taste my own liver. Today I am still pretty hot and aching to give somebody a whuppin', but mostly just sad. I loved that horse.

OK horse folks, seen anything like this before? We've been raising horses in the same place with same grass, hay, feed types for 30 years now and never lost one like this. Any ideas appreciated as we are all :confused: :confused: :confused:
 
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Very sorry to hear about your horses.



Just curious since you mentioned kids feeding the horses through the fence:



Do people ever run a double fence (think prison yard) to prevent contact between horses/cattle and people? Probably not very cost effective but it might help prevent the incidental treats.



Brian
 
Mike,



You might want to check the label on the suppliment tub to make sure that it is for horses only. Suppliments for cattle often contain monensin(Rumensin), which is a growth promoting feed additive. It is well tolerated by cattle, but can be lethal to horses.

Check here: http://www.horseadvice.com/

Sorry for your loss.
 
About a year and a half ago a good friend of ours had one of his horses killed, the horse had been shot something like 74 times. Turned out it was some kids that just wanted to "shoot something. " Jerks never thought once that the horse belonged to someone and that they loved the horse or anything. Something is just truly sick and wrong with people like that. Kid got six months of counseling and had to pay the "value" of the horse, unfortunately you can't repay a debt like that in my opinion
 
Mike, I am sorry about your loss. I have a paddock that "may" have a dead animal buried in it. Because of that, I limit use to one stallion whom I had vaccinated for botulism. Botulism can remain viable in the ground for years. Other than the seep you mentioned, any other changes such as opening a new area?Other than that, I don't have much knowledge about it.



I found some articles but I don't see the symptoms you discribed.



http://www.thehorse.com/search. asp?textfield=Botulism&departments=6



If you still have the suspect plates etc. , ask your vet to culture some samples. Maybe the same with that yellow substance you spoke of if it's still around.



FWIW, we never put out supplements in tub form. We prefer individual feed supplements. That way, we can keep track of who gets what and adjust accordingly. Some of my mares might try to eat the whole thing or play with the tub.



There was an outbreak of Equine Herpesvirus Type I recently in Ohio. I don't know much about that either but I think it has different symptoms.



Hopefully, this will be the end of it.
 
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Thanks for the kind words fellas, and the helpful info on the supplement tubs. Yesterday I spoke with the vet in greater detail, he was positive it was a case of botulism - said it was a textbook case with all the symptoms. They have run into it several times here in our area, and the leading culprit seems to be folks putting out the large round bales of hay.

Apparently the round bales have so much mass and are so tightly packed that if a mouse, snake or other varmint gets baled they decay in an anaerobic environment and produce botulism. The vet strongly recommended that people do NOT use the round bales with pastured horses. I had never heard this before so I checked around, got the same advice from multiple sources.

The culprit seems to be the old preserves in our case. If they go bad, botulism is one of the bacteria that can grow in the sealed environment so it seems likely the horses got a dose from a "treat" and that was all she wrote. Doubtful it was a malicious act, since it is tough to know there is botulism thriving in something without a microscope or such. Probably some innocent kid trying to "give the horsies a treat" after finding old preserves in the abandoned house. Argggh. :(

The vet told me that horses are tremendously sensitive to botulism, and that a dose that won't make a mouse sick at all can kill a horse PDQ. ... .
 
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Man I am sorry for your loss

as the owner of three horses I had no idea about round bales and the danger posed. I better rethink my round bales.

Again Sorry for your loss.

Patrick and Brittanie Haymond.
 
Mike,

I truly am sorry. As a owner of several horses and board others I can feel your pain.

I don't know if this is information that you can use but up here in Alaska if we want anything other than Brome hay(fancy name for field grass) we have to buy it had have it shipped in. I have been told by numerous people all old time farmers and horse owners that you have to be careful of a particular type of beetle that lives off of Alfalfa. If the alfalfa is not dried naturally or not all the way the beetle will be bailed up with the hay. This beetle(the name slips my memory right now)is so toxic to horses that a FRACTION of the wing will kill the horse. Anywise, don't know if you feed alfalfa but hopefully some kind of info sent your way will help. Once again, sorry for your loss.

WD
 
Sorry to hear about the horses. We recently had 3 horses "get out" (no tracks from horses, but a trailer) right after a horse deal went wrong. Luckly we found ours about 20 miles away the next morning.



Suppliments for cattle often contain monensin(Rumensin), which is a growth promoting feed additive. It is well tolerated by cattle, but can be lethal to horses.



I've heard the Rumensin only affects younger horses, I know of older horses that have gotten cattle feed contaning rumensin by accident and been okay (including ours).



alonzo
 
Mike, sorry about the horses. I've lost a few and it's a bad deal.



On round hay, I'm a small custom baler, sell hybrid bermuda grass square bales. If a cutting gets a little rank (big) due to weather that dosen't allow cutting or once it's cut it gets rained on, I round bale and sell for cows.



But, guess what my horses get, that's right, those round bales that I wouldn't sell to my horse customers. While I haven't had any problems you've given me food for thought.



We pull all snakes out of wind rows that we see, but lots have to get baled up. It seems to me that you'd have just as many snakes and mice baled in square bales and when the squares are in the barn in the middle of a few hundred/thousand other bales, there wouldn't be much difference between them and a round bale.



Of course, if you feed squares a flake at a time, you would catch any bad hay.





Good luck, Ronnie
 
Originally posted by WDaniels

This beetle(the name slips my memory right now)is so toxic to horses that a FRACTION of the wing will kill the horse.
It's Blister Beetles that can be highly toxic, they are quite common. Problem is that the beetles aren't a problem for the hay grower, just the livestock especially horses. Many uneducated growers don't treat for them. Another problem is that most beetles don't contain the toxic compound --cantharidin-- which must be detected by a lab in order for the hay grower to know whether or not to treat.

Bottom line is buy your hay from a grower who knows what he's doing as far as horses are concerned.



BTW blister beetles with the compound Cantharidin are what the aphrodisiac known as Spanish Fly is made from.
 
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