Well I dont have the brochure in front of me, so I may get this a little fuzzy, but ... .
TBN is Total Base Number
Its a measure of how well the additive package in the oil is holding up. The number gets lower as the oils wears and breaks down. Someone smarter than me, will have to give more details.
My understanding from reading and asking in the posts here is:
Wear metal content, coolant, fuel, water, soot, and thinks like that are good for telling you wear and tear on your truck. Tells you whats going wrong, can help diagnose problems or point to potential problems. Unless you have a serious problem, typically is combined with a trend analysis. You notice over time, from report to report, that a particular metal has increased a lot.
If you were using a bypass filter, and running your oil for a long duration, TBN or TAN ( Total Acid Number ) would be what you would monitor to deterine when its time to change the oil. As long as the TBN is holding up, and you dont have excessive wear, leaks, problems people just change the filters and add make up oil.
Know you know what I know, right or wrong.