JStoll,
PW = Power Wagon, or Bosch 185 injectors. These have a 5 hole nozzle and are a good all around injector.
POD = Prince of Darkness. This is a 4 hole, large sac, Lucas nozzle that produces more power, smoke, and heat. This is also a good injector, but not quite as "clean" as the PW.
I would recommend PW's to those who want a good power increase, but not the heat and smoke that the POD's produce. The POD's are good for those who are going for higher horsepower, and can deal with the extra heat and smoke.
The smaller turbine housings allow for quicker spool-up, reduced cruising EGT's, less smoke, etc. The most common size is the 16cm2. This is good for a basically stock rig, and isn't to terribly restrictive for a higher hp rig.
The sliding pin you refer to is the AFC pin/plunger/eccentric, whatever you want to call it. Rotating this to where the guide pin can ride to the deepest point allows for more fuel. This will increase fueling from the low-end, through the high-end. Most adjust the smoke screw, and/or the AFC spring preload, to reduce low-end smoke after turning the pin. Also, a custom cut pin can be used to achieve even more top-end fueling.
Advancing the timing is a good thing to do. This will help reduce EGT's and smoke, and give you better response. Some say they notice quite a difference by separating the factory timing marks by approx. 1/8". The top of the pump is rotated toward the engine. I can’t say it was a big difference, but it was noticeable.
Looks like a great work rig.
Mike