Fuel Gelling
Had the same thing happen to my '04. 5 Monday. It got a lttle below 0 deg F. Sunday night. The truck would start and run for about a minute, then die. I plugged in the wife's hairdryer and heated the fuel filter for 20 minutes, still no improvement.
I found that if I waited 1/2 hour or so between starts, it would run for a minute or so, so I worked it into the garage and turned on the heat. After a couple hours, it ran fine. While I was working it into the garage, I called the Mobil station I had last filled up at, and the distributor who sells them fuel. They both assured me that the fuel was winterized, and good to -30F.
Drove to Mobil, and put 6 gallons of kerosene in to keep it from re-gelling. Also went to the parts store and bought a quart of Power Service. It says the quart is good for a hundred gallons, so I added a third of the bottle.
My guess is that they don't turn the fuel over real quick, and the last time I filled up it was still straight #2 diesel. When I stopped at the station to get the kero, a tanker was there dropping diesel. Winterized fuel I'll bet!
Scott