Sounds like you have an air leak in the fuel system or low fuel psi.
Yes, re-ck. for one gasket on the stud that the filter threads on to. Make sure the new oring was lubed on the outer edge (like an oil filter gasket) and the wif indicator's snug with a fresh o-ring.
You've likely read about the fuel return line, it runs from the overflow valve under the intake and down to the bell housing.
You might see a severly cracked hose, or a hose damp with diesel. If so find a 2' length of 5/16 30R7 rated fuel line and replace it.
Its easier with the fuel filter removed and the starter removed.
On your post about the 1/4 throttle.
Have an asst move the throttle while you observe, are the ball studs/links worn or sticking, does the throttle fully open?
If you touch the starter without starting the engine and leaving the key in the run position? Does the shut of solenoid full up fully?
Good luck
Andy