Siping
OK, here goes with an attempt at an explanation.
Siping is essentially cutting the tread face across the tire with an extremely sharp rotary knife. The last one I saw used a blade that looked like a miniature auger, with the edges sharpened beyond belief. The tire was mounted on a system that rotated it while the blade moved back and forth across the tread. I don't remember how deep the cut was. It gives the tire more contact with the surface you're driving over... allows them to actually "grip" very slick surfaces like packed snow and ice. Used to have all of the tires on our vehicles siped... I even had a set of used ones done but I had to take each of them off and remove any debris, even the tiniest amount, from the factory cracks and crannies. The factory now puts some siping in tread patterns, but it is highly dependent on the manufacturer.
Siping is sometimes confused with "tractionizing", which sets the tire on a pair of rollers with tiny hooks that dig into the tire tread surface. Siping is much better because it does not remove any of the tire compound. I also noticed higher mileage from a set of tires as they supposedly ran a bit cooler, but most of the "cooler" information was word of mouth.
I can tell you from personal experience that it works great.
Loren