Wouldn't/couldn't/doesn't the SEC regulate that?
To a great extent, NO! Google "Enron Loophole" and see how a great deal of the energy trading is done behind an opaque screen, with no oversight.
Here is an excerpt from an article I ran across:
"The commodity markets are the price discovery points for all energy commodities. Excessive speculation and questionable trading practices have an instant and tremendous impact on the consumer," said Craig Eerkes, chairman of the Petroleum Marketers Association, in July 12 testimony about commodities markets before the House Agriculture Committee. "American families and small businesses are at the financial whim of the energy trader and the hedge fund manager. It is time that Congress stepped in and said, `Enough is enough. '"
Eerkes was referring to electronic trading of oil contracts on what are called Exempt Commercial Markets, or ECMs. These over-the-counter, unregulated exchanges were codified in law in 2000, thanks to intense lobbying by now-bankrupt energy giant Enron during a modernization of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, the federal entity that regulates futures markets.
ECMs affect oil prices this way: Foreigners and lightly regulated hedge funds (investment pools for the ultra-wealthy) buy large oil positions on an ECM. Since these exchanges compete against the regulated New York Mercantile Exchange for investors, they affect demand for oil futures. This distorts the "price discovery" function that futures markets are supposed to provide in allowing users of oil to hedge against price changes.
Because ECMs are largely unregulated, it's difficult to tell whether, or to what degree, oil companies and wealthy oil-producing nations are driving up the price of oil by washing their profits back through futures markets to serve their own interests.
Some estimates are that 30 percent of oil futures contracts are traded on unregulated exchanges.