They are proximity sensors. They are used to alert you of an object in your path while backing.
There is this guy that is in our weekly NASCAR pool that is a real pain in the but wise guy type we all know the kind. Anyways, I taped 2 pennies with electrical tape to 2 of the sensors on his brand new Cheby. Trimmed the tape real neatly so it was not very noticeable with out getting down for a closer look. His back up alarm would go off every time he would put it in reverse, so he calls the dealer and takes it in for warranty. Needless to say, after sitting in the waiting room for an hour or two ( he won't say ), the tech came out and told him, "You have some pretty good friends out there, don't you?" and showed him the pennies.