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The world's first production turbocharged diesel was introduced by Volvo in 1954 in the L395 Titan Turbo used in 2. 5 ton trucks. The first turbo-diesel used in passenger cars was by Mercedes in 1978.
The first production gasser turbos were in the Chevrolet Corvair and the Oldsmobile Jetfire in 1962 but were gone in one year do to many failures.
Turbo's were invented in the late 1800's but didn't see widespread use until the oil crisis of 1973.
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Sorry, the only picture I could find isn't very good
Pardon the source, but THIS is a fairly decent synopsis of Buchi's early work and early turbo history. As an interesting (well, to me, at least) aside, one of Cooper-Bessemer's engineers (John Fullemann) apprenticed under Buchi in Switzerland and was Cooper's first turbocharger and centrifugal compressor designer. I was fortunate enough to work with Mr. Fullemann during the early days of my career - he was well into his 80's and still working for Cooper-Bessemer as a consultant.
Aftercooling has been used in large industrial diesel engines long before 1958. Ref Cooper-Bessemer EN, ENB, JS, JSB, LS, LSV and others - and Cooper was not the first.