HBarlow,
How do you account for it then, beyond the things that you mentioned in your first post? I am curious?
I'm not sure if I understand your question but I'll try to answer.
As my friend Gary Ames wisely wrote above, true fuel mileage can actually vary due to slight variations in wind speed and direction, road speed, terrain, load, ambient temperature, humidity, cleanliness of truck, tire inflation pressures, and other factors. So-called "calculated" fuel mileage will always vary slightly because it depends upon the accuracy of the pumps it is purchased from and the fill level of subsequent tanks of fuel. Unless all these factors are controlled by laboratory-like conditions they are, at best, an estimate.
Fuel mileage and performance are often a matter of perception as well. Scientists and physicians call this perception syndrome the "placebo effect. " Give a man a "pill" and tell him it will make him feel better and he often feels better. It is human nature. Laboratory testing of new medicines involves "blind testing" where a controlled number of patients are given actual medications, and others are given a placebo (sugar pill) to eliminate this factor of human nature. The recipients and test administrators don't know which of the test patients received which medication. The placebo effect occurs when we put a new set of tires on a vehicle. We "feel" and "sense" the new tires and often imagine that our vehicle rides and drives better.
There is also bias that enters in to the analysis. Just as Ferd owners are certain of the superiority of their 6. 0 junkers, even when sitting on the shoulder broken down (saw another yesterday evening when my wife and I drove to the next small town for dinner. I picked the guy up and brought him home out of the cold to wait for his buddies to come rescue him), some folks believe that certain gasoline or diesel fuel brands are better. Sometimes the grandfather, father, and other male relatives are absolutely convinced of the same false truth.
Again, I emphasize that I am not a petroleum engineer and don't know or understand much about fuel, but I would say that there could be variations in the energy contained in a gallon of diesel fuel among the various refiners. The difference could result from the different source of the raw crude, possibly from the refining process itself, I honestly don't know. But Wal-Mart fuel is not inherently different from the fuel sold by branded retailers in the same area except it may not be dyed the same color and may not have certain additives added. I don't believe the additive packages effect fuel mileage. Diesel fuel is diesel fuel. Just like you and I can't eat a serving of corn and tell which farm, which region, or which state the corn was grown in, we can't identify the source or refiner of a gallon of diesel fuel. Corn, rice, gasoline, diesel fuel, and many other consumables are commodities.
My point in this discussion is Wal-Mart doesn't refine fuel, they simply sell the same fuel that is sold by fuel jobbers in any given large city or less populated region that is sold by name brand retailers.
A careful investigation in your area would reveal that the retail vendor who actually operates the fuel station at your Wal-Mart buys the fuel from a regional jobber and it is the same fuel that is sold at other branded stations in your area. Wal-Mart sells it a few cents cheaper following the model of Sam Walton: "sell as cheaply as possible and sell a lot of the item".
As a guy who has lived a long time, lived all over the USA, and who is an amateur student of politics, I know that in some regions of the country where labor unions are very strong and influential or where the politically correct/liberal point of view is the prevaling culture, there is a very strong bias against Wal-Mart stores. In IL, for example, many people hate Wal-Mart. Oddly enough, wherever a Wal-Mart store is built, thousands of people apply for jobs there and happily work there and hundreds of thousands of customers buy from that Wal-Mart store.
I believe that the additive packages that make the fuel sold by different retailers different are added at the wholesale pump before the fuel is pumped into the transport truck for delivery to the retailer.