A graduate of
Mills College and
Stanford University, where she earned a doctorate in biology, Ray became an associate professor at the
University of Washington in 1957. She was chief scientist aboard the schooner
SS Te Vega during the International Indian Ocean Expedition. Under her guidance, the nearly bankrupt
Pacific Science Center was transformed from a traditional, exhibit-oriented museum to an interactive learning center, and returned to solvency.
In 1973, Ray was appointed chairman of the
United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) by
President Richard Nixon.
In addition to its research responsibilities, the AEC was charged with the manufacture of nuclear weapons for the U.S. military. Ray would later fondly recall the first time she saw a nuclear warhead describing it "like a piece of beautiful sculpture, a work of the highest level of technological skill."
[2]
To the surprise of many, Ray announced in 1975 she would seek election as
Governor of Washington. Later asked why she decided to make her first run for public office the highest office in the state, she would reason that "I was much too old to start at the bottom, so I decided to start at the top."
Despite opposition from all major newspapers and predictions from pundits that the state was not ready "for an unmarried woman who gave herself a chainsaw for Christmas," Ray went on to win
the general election with a victory over
King County Executive John D. Spellman, 53%–44%.
[17] On election night, asked by a reporter to explain her surprise victory, she offered, "it can't be because I'm so pretty?"
[1]
After assuming office, Ray tightened Washington state spending and began an audit of state salaries and programs. She balanced the state budget and during her tenure as Governor oversaw the state's first full funding for basic education. As the first resident of the Governor's Mansion without a First Lady, Ray hired her elder sister Marion R. Reid to serve as her official hostess.
[3]
During a visit with the Dorian Society, a Seattle
gay rights group, she was asked by one member if she had met any gay federal employees and if they ever felt under pressure. Ray responded, "I don't know any – you can't tell by looking at them," drawing applause from attendees.
[16] In another instance, she declared
Seattle Post-Intelligencer reporter Shelby Scates, who had deluged her with tough questions on the campaign trail, would "learn what the words
persona non grata really mean" after her election.
[8]
During what was supposed to be a routine joint press conference in
Boise, Idaho, by the governors of Washington,
Oregon, and
Idaho in which the three touted the benefits of energy conservation, Ray reacted with barely concealed disdain to Oregon governor
Robert W. Straub's call for legislation to encourage the installation of home insulation. "I don't believe our citizens are lax, or lazy, or indifferent," Ray fired. "In Washington we have a strong voluntary energy conservation program. We don't need legislative incentives."
She likewise alienated the state's Republican establishment after she fired 124 appointees of her predecessor, three-term governor
Daniel J. Evans, offering to send them "a box of kleenex with their pink slips.
After leaving office, Ray retired to her farm on Fox Island. She was frequently in the news giving her opinion of current events. The
Seattle Post-Intelligencer quoted her as saying she favored "abolishing political parties and taking away voting rights from anyone who fails to vote in two consecutive elections."
[3] During her retirement she co-authored two books with Lou Guzzo critical of the
environmentalist movement. In one of those books,
Trashing the Planet, she derisively described environmentalists as "mostly white, middle to upper income and predominantly college educated … they are distinguished by a vocal do-good mentality that sometimes cloaks a strong streak of elitism that is often coupled with a belief that the end justifies the means."
During a speech in
Pasco, Washington, in 1991, she further denounced the growing number of scientists advancing theories of
climate change by telling her audience to "beware of averages. The average person has one breast and one testicle."