Found this under chapter 28 of the factory service manual (DTC-Based Diagnostics / MODULE, Powertrain Control (PCM), 6.7L Diesel / Diagnosis and Testing)
This diagnostic runs continuously with the ignition on provided the block heater is not detected and we have a minimum 18 degree F (10 degree C) coolant temperature drop and power-down coolant temperature is greater than or equal to 169.88 F (76.6 degrees C).
The BCM engine ignition off time is too high or low for the coolant temperature drop observed over the key cycle.
Always perform the Pre-Diagnostic Troubleshooting procedure before proceeding. (Refer to 28 - DTC-Based Diagnostics/MODULE, Powertrain Control (PCM) - Standard Procedure).
1.DTC P2509 PRESENT
NOTE: If you see this DTC after the BCM or PCM module has been reflashed, clear the DTC and test drive the vehicle.
NOTE: If there are any coolant temperature sensor DTC’s present, perform the Diagnostics for those DTCs before continuing with this one.
1. Ignition on, engine not running.
2. With a scan tool read DTCs.
Is DTC P2509 present at this time?
Yes
•When U3017 is set in conjunction with P2509, it is usually caused by disconnecting the Battery before allowing the normal 10 minute power down. Clear the DTCs and test drive.
•Perform the POWERTRAIN VERIFICATION TEST - 6.7L. (Refer to 28 - DTC-Based Diagnostics/MODULE, Powertrain Control (PCM) - Standard Procedure).
No
•Go To 2
2.(RECENTLY) REPROGRAMMED MODULE
Were the PCM or BCM recently Reprogrammed?
Yes
•This fault has the potential to set if the PCM or BCM are reprogrammed. Clear the DTC and test drive.
•Perform the POWERTRAIN VERIFICATION TEST - 6.7L. (Refer to 28 - DTC-Based Diagnostics/MODULE, Powertrain Control (PCM) - Standard Procedure).
No
•Go To 3
3.COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR
1. Remove the Coolant Temperature Sensor and reconnect the wiring to the sensor.
2. Turn ignition on.
3. Monitor the Scan Tool while heating the sensor with an external heat source (DO NOT USE OPEN FLAME).
Does the reading from the Coolant Temperature Sensor increase at least 3°C (5°F) on the Scan Tool?
Yes
•Go To 4
No
•Replace the Coolant Temperature Sensor in accordance with the service information.
•Perform the POWERTRAIN VERIFICATION TEST - 6.7L. (Refer to 28 - DTC-Based Diagnostics/MODULE, Powertrain Control (PCM) - Standard Procedure).
4.COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR
1. Let vehicle cold soak for eight hours.
2. Turn the ignition on.
3. With a scan tool, monitor the Ambient Air Temperature Sensor, the Turbo Compressor Inlet Temperature Sensor, and the Coolant Temperature Sensor.
NOTE: Make sure the Ambient Air Temperature is above —7°C (20°F).
NOTE: Make sure there is no external heat source, such as a block heater, operating during this test or within the 8 hour cold soak.
Does the Coolant Temperature Sensor read more than a 10°C (18°F) above or below the other sensors?
Yes
•Replace the Coolant Temperature Sensor in accordance with the service information.
•Perform the POWERTRAIN VERIFICATION TEST - 6.7L. (Refer to 28 - DTC-Based Diagnostics/MODULE, Powertrain Control (PCM) - Standard Procedure).
No
•Replace the Body Control Module in accordance with the service information.
•Perform the POWERTRAIN VERIFICATION TEST - 6.7L. (Refer to 28 - DTC-Based Diagnostics/MODULE, Powertrain Control (PCM) - Standard Procedure).