Both Dex and Zerex HOAT were developed to meet environmental goals. Not taking this froma tree hugger perspective but it's not a bad thing. Basically antifreeze (propolene or ethylene glycol) break down into acidic compounds that are damaging to metals. Contamination form the from the combustion process only exhasperates the problem. They tend to be hardest on aluminum and brass, but over time they get nasty on harder ferrous metals as well. So, industry folks thought if they could extend the amount of time we could leave the stuff in our vehicles without damage, it would lessen the impact on the envioronment. Once every 3 years is a bunch more of this stuff to have to deal with than once every 5 years. Dex was the first to start it but they had some development problems. If youve ever know anyone with an older GM that got the "orange sludge" in their cooling system, that was an original dex formula. It basically turned to snot over time. Since a cooling system is relatively sealed, the right formulation that prevents oxidation could make the stuff last for huge amounts of time as long as it doesnt get to contaminated. I have seen systems that had filtration on them to increase life, but your talking chemical filtration and not particle which equals big money.