My 4. 10 gears may make my experience unique, but here are actual results from 4 Dynojet runs, 2 in 5th and 2 in 6th:
5th gear (1:1) - 320 BHP and 650 lb-ft torque
6th gear (OD) - 347 BHP and 762 lb-ft torque
Not to get involved in the physics of it, but with the 4. 10's, the dyno run in 5th gear takes so little time (in seconds) that the rotational inertia of the drivetrain (crankshaft, flywheel, clutch disk, pressure plate, rotating elements in the transmission, driveshaft, etc. ) was large relative to the rotational inertia of the drum. In 6th gear, the dyno run takes longer (in terms of time), so the BHP absorbed by the drivetrain is lessened (delta rotational inertia/delta time).
Rusty