banshee said:
... Bottom line, TORQUE is the FORCE that twists your rear axle. ...
With all due respect, I must disagree. Torque and force are two different things. Force is measured as pounds. Torque is the multiplication of force through distance. Work is the measure of force causing displacement. Yes, I did confuse torque and work.
Take a 2000# dragster that contains 200# of fuel. Power it with a jet engine that produces 2200# of rearward force that diminishes to 2000# of force at the end of the dragstrip matching the rate at which fuel is consumed. The dragster will have constant acceleration down the track. However, since no RPM was needed to drive the wheels, there is no HP involved. For that matter, there is no torque involved, either. There is only force involved, because only force is required to displace an object, only force is required to perform work.
Now fit the dragster with gears and a rotating shaft to turn the wheels; the gears have 1:1 ratio, and the tires have 1 foot radius. Assume the dragster weighs 2000# now. Assume that the vehicle is attached to something behind it, so that 2000# of force can be applied to the shaft before launch, and once the 2000# is reached, the tether is released. To achieve the same forward acceleration as with the jet engine, you must apply 2000# of force at the interface between the tires and the pavement. This 2000# of force can be achieved by applying 2000# 1 foot from the rotating shaft, 1000# 2 feet from the shaft, or 4000# 6" from the shaft. (We ignore any losses in the drive train for this example. ) The force applied has been multiplied through distance.
In both cases, at the end of the quarter mile, the 2000# vehicle has been displaced 1320 feet - work has been performed. In the first case, HP was not involved, because a rotating engine was not driving the wheels. In the second case, HP could be measured only after the vehicle started moving (remembering that HP=Tq*RPM/5252: at 0 RPM, HP=0).
So it is not HP that moves a vehicle. It is force. And it is possible to use mechanical advantage (torque) to multiply force. If it
were simply HP that moved/accelerated vehicles, our 7000# pickup trucks simply could not hang with smaller, light cars making more HP. Our trucks do hang with them because our diesel engines have so much more force available to accelerate them down the track.
As an aside, what's the most force you can use to accelerate a vehicle? Just a little more than the force of friction between the tires and the pavement. Back-calculate this force through the drivetrain, allowing for force consumed by the drivetrain, and you will have the amount of force the engine needs to generate to best accelerate the vehicle down the strip. Let's assume the tires have 2000# of friction, and they're 36" tall. That means you can apply 3000 ft-lb of torque at the axles. If you have a 2. 92 rear end, you can apply 1027. 4 ft-lb on the driveshaft. Assume a 2-spd trans. If the trans is in direct, the engine can apply 1027. 4 lb-ft to the trans. If the trans is in 2. 5:1 low gear, the engine can only apply 411 lb-ft of torque to the trans without exceeding the tire friction.
N