Air/vapor in fuel vs engine performance
There seems to be considerable confusion about air in diesel fuel, its effect on the diesel engine and the source of the air/vapor. Let's clear the air!
First,the effect: Air and fuel vapor, as is any gas, is compressible. Because of this, when it is carried into the fuel injector, it delays the pressure build-up which delays the injection. This retarded injection timing effects the diesel just as retarded ignition timing effects the gas engine, slow or spongy throttle, low power, rough idle, excessive exhaust emissions and increased fuel consumption.
Second, the source: Air becomes entrained (suspended) in the bulk of the fuel in the form of tiny bubbles or on the surface as foam by sloshing etc. Additionally, vapor is created when the lift pump is cavitating, or operating at a speed to great for the fuel flow from the tank to completely fill. This is because the flow of fuel from the tank to the engine is driven by atmospheric pressure on the surface of the fuel in the tank trying to equalize or fill the void in the pump as it operates.
Either way, the current filtration and delivery system on your diesel engine is inadequate to remove entrained air or meet the demand of your pump at the higher speeds.
To obtain the level of performance that the diesel engine was designed to deliver, you need a fuel filtration and delivery system that not only removes water and particulates, but also removes entrained air and maintains the necessary pressure flow to adequately meet the needs of the system preventing fuel pump cavitation.
Cummin's Engine Company's Service topic 5-135 explains very well that air becomes entrained in diesel fuel by the mechanical action a sloshing and splashing in the tank.
Caterpillar's Special Instruction 651-1250 points out "normally, No. 2 diesel fuel contains about 10% air in solution, although the air is invisible. "
The history of air/fuel separation begins before 1900. Companies and individuals from around the world have tried (and failed) to separate air from fuel for over 100 years. The patent for the first successful air/fuel separator, Fuel Preporator, was first applied for in 1992. The patent issued in 1994. The sole inventor, Charles L. Ekstam, then developed the first production model of the Fuel Preporator, which was covered by another patent, a CIP Patent in 1998. The patent application for the new smaller Fuel Preporator with the horizontal pump design was filed in 2001. This patent is about to publish and the issue fee is already paid. International PCT filing is covering 117 countries.
MINI NEWS RELEASE: Jefferson City, Missouri
In a Missouri State Court action, which is still in progress, it was admitted by the developer of the FASS, that the FASS "was designed by altering the blue prints to the Fuel Preporator. "
2004 Federal Budget; line 16, $1,750,000. 00 appropriated for Fuel Preporator. Testing to be done by the University of Missouri, Rolla Engineering Department in conjunction with Aberdene Proving Grounds and Ft. Leonard Wood.
California Air Resources Board (CARB) has issued Executive Order G-02-003 allowing the advertising, installation and use of Fuel Preporators on both on-road and off-road compression ignition(diesel) engines.
Marine Engines to 4,000 plus horse power using Fuel Preporator Model FP-450/650 have been certified in compliance with Regulation 13 Annex VI to Marpol 73/78 and obtained American Bureau of Shipping Certification (ABS) .
Tests completed by the University of West Virginia Engine and Emission Lab confirm torque rise off idle double, 103% to 106% per ISO-8178 test after installing the Fuel Preporator.
Fuel Preporator is now manufactured under controlled ISO-9001 Quality Assured Standards
NOTE: This posting is to clear up any misconceptions there may be as to air/vapor in diesel, its source and effect on the diesel engine and a bit of history on air/fuel separation and the Fuel Preporator, etc.
If anyone has questions or comments, please feel free...
Respectfully to all who seek power, performance and efficiency from the diesel engine,
Charles L. Ekstam, Inventor of the Fuel Preporator