Congratulations on your new acquisition!
Power Wagon,
It is unfortunate that you cannot keep your pup indoors, but your wife's health must take priority.
Ideally, yes, a dog should be raised in the house with a family. They receive better socialization and become well-adjusted, obedient canine citizens. But if you take the time and make the extra effort to socialize your outside dog, it can be successfully accomplished. I'm glad that you are already aware of the temperament of Rottweilers. Please don't misinterpret my statement as a criticism of the breed. There are wonderful Rotties out there, unfortunately many owners do not enforce strict obedience or employ effective socialization techniques. Every breed of dog will have its "bad eggs," it's just that if you own a disrespectful Poodle and it bites you, you might need a band-aid (right after you punt him like a football!), but if a Rottweiler does the same, it may mean a visit to the emergency ward (and a possible lawsuit in today's society). With that said and the statements you made above, I am confident that you will help your son socialize and train his new pet. It is never too early to start basic obedience... I start from day 1.
A good source of obedience and training information is your local library (which seems to be becoming a thing of the past with the introduction of the Internet!). There are more training techniques out there than there are breeds of dogs, so find one that matches your personality/beliefs and you'll do fine.
There were a lot of effective cold weather dog care methods already suggested on this thread. I would caution you on using heating pads and heating lamps as I have seen dogs burned with these when the temperatures were set too high. Never place any blankets or bedding on top of a heating pad as this could be a fire hazard. We actually had a heated dog mat melt and warp when a blanket ended up on top of it. Straw is an effective biodegradable insulator, but I advise against cedar shavings as they can cause allergies in dogs.
Our two Labs live in the house with us, but get outside time when we are both at work. Their doghouse is raised off the ground, the floor of the house is insulated with styrofoam and its surface is lined with foam with a low-napped, rubber-backed rug to cover it. This provides both insulation and cushioning for creature comfort. I would not recommend placing foam, blankets or carpets in a kennel with a dog that is prone to chewing. We covered the door with a slatted piece of clear, heavy vinyl (like the kind that is used as a carpet protector down hallways and stairs). The slats bend easily when the dog enters and exits, but hang nicely to prevent drafts and hold the heat in. We lined the inside of the roof with a reflective bubble insulation purchased from Lowes'. Next, we constructed a series of four lamp sockets on a 1x6 to hold 50 watt rough service light bulbs that we mounted below the ceiling, facing upwards. The insulation reflects the heat back down to the dogs and provides adequate heat to keep them warm. The benefit to this system is that if one light bulb goes out, there are still three more to continue to provide heat as opposed to a heat lamp or mat. Once one of those fail, your pup is in Frostville! Another item that we found helpful was an inexpensive wall thermometer mounted on the back wall. This way, you can peek through the door and easily determine if the doghouse is maintaining adequate temperatures.
I think I'll stop here as my hobby is writing (not diesels!) and I don't want to bore anybody.
The Better Half of DBR, Kris