To determine tire diameter, divide the width by 25. 4 to get inches. Then multiply by aspect ratio to get sidewall height. Then multiply by 2, and add in the rim size.
For 315/75 16's, it works out to ((315/25. 4) * . 75 *2) + 16, or 34. 6 inches.
For 245/75 16's, it is 30. 46 inches.
So 34. 6/30. 46 = 1. 1359, or your 315 tires are 13. 59% larger than the 245s.
You can use this formula to determine the tire diameter on any size tire. The dealer or any tool with access can dial in the new tire size if you want the spedo corrected.
My truck was originally 265/75s. Then I put on an EZ and the overhead MPG computer was off. Now with 315's and the EZ, the overhead comp reads correct avg MPG as compared to hand calculated. So I've resisted getting the spedo corrected - just remember that the spedo is about 5mph off.