Because ULSD is prone to pick up contamination as it travels through the distribution system, refiners are planning to produce ULSD at between eight to 10 parts per million (ppm). Most terminal operators are expecting that by the time it reaches the rack to be loaded into trucks, it will likely be at 15 ppm. This leaves no margin for error in transporting compliant product to retail locations.
To put this into perspective, 15 ppm diesel fuel is equivalent to one tablespoon of sulfur in an Olympic-size pool full of fuel.
ULSD may accelerate the need to change filters on trucks and storage tanks, according to Joe Marlow, a vice president with filter manufacturer Fleetguard. Because, in most applications, ULSD is used in conjunction with high pressure common rail fuel systems, the fuel must be able to operate effectively with higher pressure temperatures and flows. This makes it more critical to have clean fuel, and you certainly don't want contaminants in the fuel under pressure.
Marlow noted that water in a high pressure fuel system is a significant concern, and it is harder to get the water out in ULSD. He says that a synthetic media for the filter may be needed rather than the normal cellulose media.
When you take sulfur out of fuel, you tend to get more "organic bugs" which cause filter plugging. ULSD's detergent effect scours fuel-storage tanks, picking up sludge-like particles found on the bottoms of tanks and bringing them into trucks' fuel tanks. This may require a fuel additive to prevent these organic growths.