I odnt know if this is the answer to your question, but here goes. The boost idea works like this: To make power in your diesel, you need air and fuel. The more air you can get in the cylinders, the more power you make. A turbocharger forces air into the cylinders (hence the name, "Forced induction"). More air then the suction of the pistons downstroke can create, therefore you are getting more efficient power. A bigger turbo or adjusting the waste gate to give you more boost means even MORE air. Thats where bigger injectors come in. More air needs more fuel to complete the process. That is why an intercooler is so important. Compressing air heats it, hot air is less dense then cool air which means you need more of it. An intercooler cools the air that is heated by the commpression of the Turbo and the heat bleeding over form the turbine side of the Turbocharger. (That is why a supercharger is sometimes more effective is gasoline applications due to the fact that you dont have to deal with the engine exhaust heating your intake air). That is also another reason why the Psychotty system is so good, it draws air from outside the engine compartment. That is also why your truck seems to be more powerful in cold weather.
Nitrous oxide systems used on race cars (And can be used on diesels too) work the same way. First, Nitrous Oxide is an Oxidizer, in other words, it supports combustion, and the other advantage, is it is 176 degrees below zero, so it also cools the incoming air to make it more dense. Another way you can increse the efficency of your engine is insulate the intake piping from the intercooler to the intake manifold. That will help to keep your intake charge cool.