Yeah. What they said.
This is a recurrent topic in my old tractor hobby. The manuals for the old machines recommended straight-weight oils and, in the day, they were non-detergent oils.
Leaving the multi-viscosity issues of those discussions aside, the issue of detergent-or-no comes up often and is strikingly similar to yours WRT synthetic/dino. Consensus amongst us tractor types is to stick with non-detergent in a dirty engine. The last thing you want is one chunk of crud breaking loose from a little corner of an oil passage in the crank. A good rebuild and detergent oils will be fine. (It's gettin 'harder every day to find non-detergent straight 30 :{ )
But your Cummins is newer, better-engineered and has been maintained far better than the 50+ year old engines I'm talking about, and the switch to synthetic doesn't pose anything like the same hazard.
Looking at your numbers, I'd say your fine. Mathematically, there isn't enough information in the report on your engine to say if your higher iron number this round is statistically significant or not. I'd write it off this time to a different lube picking up crud that the last lube didn't, and keep an eye on it going forward.
I wonder sometimes if some of the tractor engines (1924, 1947 . . . and still running ) that I've torn into would still have been running if they'd been built with the metals and tolerances we can achieve today.
Bottom line, keep an eye, but I don't think you have anything to worry about.