It's more than likely in the vaccum circuit. Just on the rear side, right hand axle - close to the center section there's a dashpot (so to speak) that when you engage the transfer case a vaccum signal is sent to engage the axle. It's either the dashpot, a disconnected vaccum line or possibly the slide mechanism (not sure exactly what it's called but it's the sleeve that engages inside the housing) or, there's a fork from the dashpot to the sleeve that can get bent out of shape. It's not too bad to take care of - but that's easy for me to say being I don't have 3' of snow to deal with.
I'm sure someone else will ring in here soon with a description and maybe even be able to post the exploded view from a CD Shop Manual of the system I'm trying to describe.
Good luck to you.