I think it's basically because these programmers, boxes, downloaders or whatever you want to call them are all designed to optimize performance with little or no regard to emissions. All of the parameters --- timing, pressure, duration and even the shaping of the multiple injection events are set up to give more power from the same fuel which equals efficiency. The oems could do it too if they didn't have to pass the crazy emission regs. But, the flip side of that is that w/o the emissions regs as the driver for the electronics and increased rail pressures and the hardware, the aftermarket stuff wouldn't have the platform to work from that allows the performance of todays stuff either.