"When I turn the key on -- Nothing"
That is how it is supposed to work.
The lift coil is not engaged and the solenoid does not pull up until the key is turned to the start position.
Turn the key on, and try lifting up the solenoid by hand.
The "hold" coil should hold the plunger up. If it doesn't, trace the flow of power from the ignition switch to the hold coil.
If the "pull" coil does not engage with the starter, check the
blue fusible link connecting the left battery hot post to the fuel shutdown relay at the firewall near the brake booster. The connection to the battery is a little on the fragile side.