I had a loud hammering noise that would come from the driver's side of the engine under heavy load. Illflem suggested it might be the lift pump getting ready to tank. When I next changed the fuel filter, I found brass powder in the bottom of the canister so it seemed that his theory might be correct. I had the lift pump changed out at Cummins and the noise went away.
This wasn't a soft tapping noise, it was a loud "get your attention" hammering sound... .