Oh, yeah.
That's the Fram Oil Filter warning system power cable. When it's hooked up, your motor will climb off of it's mounts under the hood, come around to the drivers side door and ask you if you are out of your flipping mind.
Your problems aren't that cable. The psi the Cummins oil pump puts down is WAY too much for that POS Fram filter. Changing it next week might be too late. I would change it now.
Right now.
After a second look it might be the "hot" wire from the alt to batt. Did someone wire in a battery isolator for a trailer/camper?