A number of years ago, I read that some of what determines what a Med. Duty vs. Light Duty is, how strong engine parts like the crankshaft, connecting rods, pistons, etc. , are. I believe that the bearing surface area is looked at, also. The Cummins have 7 main bearings vs. 5 for the V-8's.
I'm sure there is more, also.
Joe F. (Buffalo)