The simplest and probably the smallest element that takes the most abuse in all internal combustion engines, the piston ring. It has to contain the mighty powerstroke (it does in a Power Stroke, too); withstand the friction of the cylinder walls; respond to the constant change in direction (no not your spouse) from the piston; and adjust to the infinitely variable cylinder diameter.
Oh, this is a rhetorical question! The hardest working part of a diesel is the loving owner that has to pour hard earned dollars into the purchase, upkeep, and (ah hem) preventative maintenance (bombing) of the diesel and the vehicle it owns.
What else is up ... Doc?
-John