Multiple injection events that keep cylinder pressures at a usable level with no big spikes to create the hard knock. Also, multple injection events mean multiple combustion events. Timed correctly the "bang" of idividual ignition is dampened by the effects of the following event.
Injector spray angle, piston bowl, and the general combustion event all help to reduce noise. The engine block itself was also redesigned with heavier materials in the areas that transmit the sound.
Timing is not effected by the events, its key to making the events work correctly. CR engines are retarded much more to meet emissions but it also helps to keep noise levels down. Timing is the key to making the power levels they do, meeting emissions, and still making a quieter engine.
None of this technology was "picked up" from Mercedes. Dodge buys the engine as a unit from Cummins with the fuel system already their. The Bosch High Pressure Common Rail has been used on just about all diesels engines built in the current era. It is used because it is the best of the crop at doing what it does. Cummins has used Bosch fuel systems from the time they started providing engines for Dodge, just a shade over 20 years, and the HPCR is natural prgression. Isuzu and I believe even the new Fords all use the same HPCR systems and multiple events to meet power and emissions levels.
Contrary to popular belief the fuel systems have nothing to do with mileage. In fact, an HPCR system in a comparable 24V motor is probably 20-30% more efficient than a jerk pump system. The facts are the newer trucks are heavier and more powerful than ever and, even hampered by emissions, the mileage is still routinely as good or better than earlier models. Pound for pound, mile for mile, a CR is on a par with a 24V in efficiency and a whole lot cleaner in the exhaust emissions arena.
Just wait for the NEXT geenration of fuel systems to become common. Injection pressues in excess of 30k psi, up to 9 events in an adaptable configuration, piezo injectors capable of activating 9-11 events in less time than a single jerk pump event.
Nullum gratuitum prandium, the price we pay for progress.
