Not totally unrelated. The output shaft was a casualty of another big rig habit of his; namely, to get in top (6th, in this case) gear ASAP and leave it there regardless of ground speed, engine RPM, load, etc. until it lugged down and forced him to downshift. Unfortunately for him, however, with the DD2 injectors and Edge EZ, the Cummins would fuel and pull hard even down at 1000-1100 RPM, but the rattling gears in the NV5600 were trying to tell him that there were torsional vibrations going through the transmission. He ignored them and paid the price - the output shaft was a victim of a torsional cyclic fatigue failure. When they got into the transmission, they found that the syncros were trashed from his clutchless shifting.
It's not like I didn't try to tell him the difference between a synchro and non-synchro transmission when he bought the truck. As is evidenced in this thread, however, sometimes you can't help a man who doesn't want to be helped.
Rusty