MWeagley:
Fuel pressure is used as an indicator of flow and one of the reasons we use fuel pressure gauges is a simple matter of economics: Flow gauges could be installed, but they are extremely expensive.
One thing to remember is that pressure and flow work somewhat hand in hand. If you have a fixed outlet size, and you increase the flow rate, the pressure will also increase. Positive pressure is a sign of flow and that the lift pump is pushing fuel through the filter to the injection pump as required by the VP44.
There is a second reason that we measure pressure instead of flow: it is possible to have flow and no pressure, such as when the lift pump fails and the injection pump pulls the fuel to it. You would still have flow, but zero pressure in the line between the lift pump and the injection pump. (Technically, it would be a negative pressure, or vacuum, not zero). The engine still runs, but the injection pump is being somewhat starved for fuel. Experience has taught us that this condition is destructive to the innards of the VP44 injection pump.
It is also possible for a pump to begin to fail, such that it will move fuel at low pressure, but is incapable of moving fuel at an elevated pressure, even if that pressure is slight. DC engineers (possibly along with Cummins) have realized that if they test a marginal pump under the correct conditions, there is a greater possibility that it will pass the test, meaning they replace fewer of them under warranty. An open flow test where fuel flow is being measured from an open line is NOT a real world test, as the line is never fully open when the engine is running. A marginal pump may pass this test, but it's days are numbered at that point, and replacement will be imminent in the near future.
The open line flow test (for warranty matters) is simply a method of getting the monkey off their back for a short time. DC knows that if they test a pump with the flow test, and it passes, that you will have no choice but to go your merry way, and with a little luck, your truck will be out of warranty before you come back complaining of the same problem, meaning you foot the bill instead of DC. The reality of it is that continuing to run the vehicle with this condition exposes the VP44 to increased risk of major damage. :{
I'll bet a $10 bill that if your truck is out of warranty, and you take it in with zero fuel pressure, your friendly Dodge mechanic will first test with his pressure gauge, and then say "Yup, you need a new lift pump" without even doing the flow test. This is because they know that the pump is going through it's death throes at that point, and John A. Customer is paying the bill instead of DC. #@$%!