They are check valves to permit fuel vapors into the charcoal canister and not raw fuel. The gas trucks require a closed system so those barbed ends have a hose attached and then go to the canister.
That would explain why it takes so long to fill that air space in the rear of the tank. There are no bubbles coming out of the vent as the last 3-5 gallons are put into the tank. That air must be slowly escaping out the check valves.