Well, here's a basic disertation on Drum and disk brake differences.
Drum brakes are mechanically more efficient that disc brakes. Drums have more surface area to work with so given the same pressure applied will stop better than discs. However, disc brakes are FAR more thermally efficient than drums, they will cool down faster after a braking event. Also discs being a more open design than drums they can shed debris and water much better than drums.
Now front brakes vs. rear brakes. When braking the weight of the vehicle is thrown forward, this makes the front brakes do 80% or so of the braking for a vehicle, this changes a bit when towing especially if the trailer has no brakes of its own.
So based on those basics you can see a few advantages/disadvantages of drums and discs on front vs. rear of a vehicle. Biggest advantage I can see on the rear of a truck is for boat hauling when those brakes get dunked in the lake. As far as brake performance a difference would likely only show up around town after repeated braking events.
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